Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

May, 2020

General Principles
   
In order to solve the problems of huge consumption and discharge of engineering construction, reduce the construction waste in the process of engineering construction from the source;,realize the reduction of construction waste at the construction site, promote the development of green construction and the transformation and upgrading of the construction industry, this guidance manual is hereby formulated

This instruction manual is applicable to new construction, reconstruction, expansion and municipal infrastructure projects.
 This instruction manual shall be used in combination with relevant standards, specifications and local policies.
General Requirements

The construction waste reduction on the construction site shall follow the principle of "source reduction, classification management, local disposal and emission control".

The construction company shall make clear the objectives and measures of construction waste reduction, write them into the bidding documents and contracts, calculate the cost of construction waste reduction measures into the project budget and pay the required costs in time.

The construction company shall establish the reward and punishment system to supervise and encourage the design and construction companies to implement the target measures of construction waste reduction.

The construction company shall adopt the industrial and information-based new construction mode, and establish general contracting and whole process engineering consulting organizational modes.

The design company shall fully consider the construction waste reduction requirements on the construction site, strengthen the coordination of design and construction, ensure that the design depth meets the construction needs, and reduce the design changes in the construction process.

The design company shall promote the integration and collaborative design of architecture, structure, M&E, decoration and landscape, and promote standardized design.

The design company shall determine the site elevation according to the landform, carry out earthwork balance demonstration and reduce the transportation quantity of muck.

The construction company shall make a special plan for the reduction of construction waste to determine the reduction goals, clarify the division of responsibilities, and formulate targeted technical, management and guarantee measures in combination with the actual situation of the project.

The construction company shall establish and improve the management system of construction waste reduction at the construction site by using new technologies, materials, processes and equipment to realize the special plan of construction waste reduction, and effectively reduce the construction waste discharge at the construction site

The construction company should establish a publicity system for the discharge of construction waste, publicizing the discharge of construction waste at a prominent position on the construction site under the social supervision.

The supervision company shall review the construction waste reduction plan and supervise the implementation of the construction company according to the contract.

Work out a special plan for reducing construction waste at the construction site

After the overall construction organization design and main construction scheme are determined, the construction company shall work out a special scheme for construction waste reduction at the construction site, which shall include project overview, preparation basis, overall planning, source reduction measures, classified collection and storage measures, local disposal measures, emission control measures and relevant guarantee measures.

Project overview shall include project type, project scale, structural form, assembly rate, delivery standard and main construction process, etc.

The work out shall base on the relevant laws, regulations, standards, normative documents and relevant policies of construction waste reduction in the project location.

The overall planning shall include reduction goals, working principles, organizational structure and division of responsibilities, construction waste reports at all stages of the project and estimation of the waste amount.

Source reduction measures may include design development, construction organization optimization, permanent and temporary combination, reuse of temporary facilities and revolving materials, construction process control, etc.

Classified collection and storage measures shall include the classification of construction waste, the arrangement of collection points, stacking places and transportation routes, etc.

The on-site disposal measures shall include the on-site utilization measures such as construction muck, construction mud, construction waste, demolition waste, etc.

The emission control measures shall include the records of the construction waste which has been transported out of the site and the outward transportation, etc

Safety measures should include personnel, funds, systems, etc..

Source reduction of construction waste at construction site.

The source reduction of construction waste at the construction site shall be reduced through measures such as construction drawing development, construction scheme optimization, permanent and temporary combination, reuse of temporary facilities and turnover materials, construction process control, etc.

The construction company shall communicate well with the designer on the premise of not lowering the design standard and not affecting the design function, reasonably optimize and develop the original design, and avoid or reduce the construction waste generated by demolition, modification and change during the construction process.

Optimize the design of foundation-optimize the supporting scheme of foundation pit according to the actual geological conditions, and the buried depth of foundation and the depth of pile foundation, etc;

Optimize the design of main structure-optimize and reduce special-shaped complex nodes, save the use of structural temporary support system turnover materials, etc

Optimize the design of mechanical and electrical installation-the comprehensive support and hanger system of mechanical and electrical pipeline, the priority of reservation and embed mechanical and electrical structure connecting components, mechanical and electrical assembly type, etc

Develop the design of decoration-assembly decoration, mechanical and electrical casing, end reservation, etc

Under the condition that relevant standards and specifications are met, the developer shall support the construction company to implement the "permanent and temporary combination" for the qualified construction site, water, electricity, fire control, road and other temporary facilities, and ensure that the functional requirements are met during delivery through reasonable maintenance measures.

The layout of temporary roads on site shall be considered as well as the original and permanent roads, make full use of the original and permanent road base, and add prefabricated and assembled temporary pavement that can be turned around, such as: Steel pavement, prefabricated concrete pavement, etc.,

The original fence or permanent fence shall be used as much as possible for the temporary fence on site;

According to the structure and electrical construction drawings, the appropriate formal distribution lines shall be selected through site optimization;

The formal engineering firefighting pipeline and firefighting pool can be used for temporary engineering fire fighting, construction production water pipeline and fire pool

Full use of permanent fire-fighting elevator for vertical transportation on site

The permanent exhaust fan and air duct in the basement can be used for the temporary ventilation of the basement

The temporary municipal pipeline can use the permanent municipal engineering pipeline in the site.

Temporary greening on site can utilize the exsiting and permanent greening in the site.

Promote the use of standardized facilities with high reuse rate for temporary facilities such as office rooms, dormitories, site fences, gates, tool sheds and safety railings on the construction site

The construction unit shall optimize the construction scheme, reasonably determine the construction process and realize the fine management.

In foundation and foundation engineering, the following measures can be taken.

According to the geological conditions and elevation of the site, optimize the construction process and construction sequence reasonably, balance the excavation and filling volume, and reduce the amount of earthwork transported outside the site.

The foundation pit support adopts the technology without fertilizer tank, such as vertical support technology, such as underground continuous wall and slope protection pile, to avoid slope excavation and reduce the generation of muck

According to the support design and construction scheme, accurately calculate the material consumption, and encourage the use of advanced construction methods to reduce the support quantity of foundation pit.

According to the site environmental conditions, the reusable materials are preferred. Such as: removable anchor rod, metal internal support, SMW pile, steel sheet pile, fabricated slope support material, etc

In the construction of cast-in-place pile, the intelligent pouring elevation control method is adopted to reduce the over pouring concrete and the amount of the pile head breaking construction waste;

For the project supported by the diaphragm wall, the diaphragm wall is treated as the exterior wall of the basement after waterproof treatment, so as to reduce the construction waste generated by the construction of the exterior wall of the basement

When trestle is needed for deep and large foundation pit excavation, prefabricated structure system such as steel structure is preferred, and original foundation pit support pile and concrete support are fully used as support system

In the main structure engineering, the following measures can be taken

The professional production of formed steel bars is adopted in the reinforcement engineering. Set up a centralized reinforcement processing yard on site to reduce the construction waste generated by reinforcement processing from the source. Rebar connection adopts threaded sleeve connection technology

The ground concrete pouring adopts one-time leveling of raw slurry to realize one-time forming and reduce two-time leveling. Adopt fair faced concrete technology and high precision masonry construction technology to reduce the plastering process of internal and external walls. Building materials adopt fixed length through layout optimization to reduce on-site cutting and processing amount

Under the premise of ensuring quality and safety, the temporary support free system is preferred, such as using the removable and reused profiled steel plate as the floor bottom formwork. When the temporary support system is adopted, the reusable, high turnover and low loss formwork support system is preferred, such as: automatic climbing (jacking) formwork support system, pipe fitting integrated scaffold, metal alloy and other non vulnerable material formwork, adjustable wall column keel, early formwork removal system, etc.

In the mechanical and electrical installation engineering, the following measures can be taken

Before the construction of mechanical and electrical pipelines, according to the detailed design drawings, the space of pipeline route shall be rechecked to ensure that the installation space meets the requirements of pipeline, support and hanger layout and pipeline maintenance

In the area with tight installation space and dense pipeline laying, the construction sequence among disciplines and systems shall be arranged reasonably according to the detailed design drawings, so as to avoid large area demolition and modification due to process inversion

The factory prefabrication is preferred for equipment piping and air duct manufacturing, so as to improve the processing accuracy and reduce the construction waste generated by on-site processing
In the decoration project, the following measures can be taken

Carry out the integrated construction of mechanical and electrical decoration of civil engineering, strengthen the collaborative management and avoid repeated construction

The doors, windows, curtain walls, blocks, plates, etc. are processed in the factory and assembled on site, so as to reduce the construction waste generated by on-site processing

Promote the application of light steel keel wallboard, ALC wallboard and other building envelope materials with recyclable value.

According to the design drawings, construction scheme and construction schedule, reasonably arrange the procurement and transportation plan of construction materials, select the appropriate storage location and storage mode, and comprehensively strengthen the process management of procurement, transportation, processing and installation. Encourage the overall allocation of temporary facilities and revolving materials within a certain area

Encourage the use of finished inspection wells, prefabricated machine rooms, integrated kitchen and bathroom and other components to achieve factory prefabrication and integrated installation

According to the construction process requirements and the actual construction experience of the management personnel, the information technology shall be used for prefabrication, blanking, typesetting and virtual assembly, so as to further improve the utilization rate of raw materials as a whole, accurately alocate materials, and avoid a large amount of surplus materials generated during the temporary processing at the construction site 

The equipment and raw material suppliers shall recycle the packaging materials to reduce the construction waste generated by over packaging

The quality of mobilized materials and equipment shall be strictly controlled according to the design requirements, the construction quality shall be strictly controlled, the quality control of each process shall be strengthened, and the rework or repair caused by quality problems shall be reduced. Strengthen the protection of finished works to avoid secondary damage.

It is necessary to establish and improve the whole process management mechanism of construction waste reduction in the construction site in combination with BIM, Internet of things and other information technology. Encourage the use of intelligent site management platform to realize the organic combination of construction waste reduction management and various management of construction site

The amount of construction waste generated shall be counted and monitored in real time so as to take targeted measures to reduce emissions

Classified collection and storage of construction waste at site

Classification of construction waste

Construction waste at site is divided into engineering waste soil, engineering mud, engineering waste and demolition waste according to CJJ / T134 technical standard for treatment of construction waste.

Construction site engineering waste and demolition waste can be divided into metal, inorganic non-metal and mixed categories according to the chemical composition of materials

Metals include ferrous and non-ferrous waste materials, such as waste steel bars, copper pipes, iron wires, etc. Inorganic non-metallic materials include the solid waste materials of natural stone, burnt earth products, sand and silicate products, such as concrete, mortar, cement, etc. Mixed type refers to solid wastes other than metals and inorganic nonmetals, such as light metal sandwich board and gypsum board.

Encourage further detailed classification of construction waste guided by end treatment

The management system for classified collection and storage of construction waste at the construction site shall be formulated, including the specific classification of construction waste, the requirements for collection and storage by time, location and type, the management responsibilities of construction waste in each unit and area, and the management requirements of account, etc

Classified collection and storage of engineering waste soil and engineering mud

To plan the site for temporary storage of muck according to the soil quality requirements of earthwork backfilling and site layout. Cover the temporarily stored engineering muck and ensure the safety and stability

The mud produced during construction shall be discharged into the mud pit for centralized stacking, and the mud pit shall be made of impervious and recyclable materials 

Classified collection and storage of engineering waste and demolition waste

Relatively fixed collection points shall be set for temporary stacking of garbage

According to the size and quality of garbage, the method of combining manpower and machinery should be adopted to improve the collection efficiency.

The metal, inorganic non-metal, mixed and other wastes shall be stacked in a pond for temporary storage before the garbage is transported out or reused. The garbage storage pool that is easy to fly shall be closed. The garbage storage pool should be constructed of materials with high reusability.

Signs shall be set around the garbage collection points and stacking pools, and dustproof measures such as spraying and covering shall be taken to avoid secondary pollution

Hazardous waste at construction site refers to the waste with corrosive, toxic, flammable and other hazardous characteristics,mainly including waste mineral oil, waste paint, waste adhesive, waste sealant, waste asphalt, waste asbestos, waste battery, etc., which shall be collected and stored in accordance with the national list of hazardous wastes. 

On site disposal of construction waste

The on-site disposal of construction waste at the construction site shall follow the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions and classifying utilization, so as to improve the disposal and utilization level of construction waste

The construction unit with the capacity of on-site recycling of construction waste shall reasonably set up the processing area and product storage area of construction waste according to the site conditions, so as to improve the level of recycling of construction waste on the construction site and the quality of recycled products.

Soil quality improvement measures shall be taken for engineering waste soil and engineering mud. If the soil quality requirements are met, they can be used for earthwork backfilling.

For the on-site disposal of metal waste in engineering waste, it is better to use it as construction materials or tools through simple processing. For example, waste steel bars can be cut and welded, processed into horse stool steel bars, prefabricated floor steel bars, etc. for on-site recycling.Or by mechanical extension, it can be processed into steel mesh, which is used for site car washing tank, tool toilet, protective door, drainage ditch, etc.

For the on-site disposal of engineering waste and demolition waste, it is advisable to set up on-site disposal equipment according to the site conditions for recycling.

Recycled coarse aggregate can be used in cement stabilized macadam layer of municipal road; recycled coarse aggregate can be pre filled and grouted to form recycled concrete, which can be used in gravity retaining wall, underground pipeline foundation and other structures.

The recycled coarse aggregate of high strength concrete is mixed with fly ash to prepare concrete without ordinary portland cement, which can be used as filler and subgrade.

Waste brick and tile can replace aggregate to prepare recycled lightweight aggregate concrete, which can be used to make structural lightweight aggregate concrete components (plates, blocks), permeable access brick, lattice, small products and other cement products with load-bearing and heat preservation functions.

For the construction waste that is difficult to be used on site, reasonable fire-fighting, anti-corrosion and environmental protection measures shall be formulated, and it shall be transferred to the construction waste disposal site in time according to relevant requirements for resource disposal and reuse.

Emission control of construction waste at construction site.

The construction unit shall weigh (measure) the construction waste by category. Transport vehicles carrying unclassified waste are forbidden to leave the site.

After each weighing (measurement) of construction waste, it shall be recorded in time and filled in according to the actual treatment of construction waste on various construction sites, and the continuity, authenticity and accuracy of the records shall be maintained.Records shall be kept for future reference. Records are divided into daily records and statistical tables.

The construction waste weighing (measuring) equipment on the construction site shall be calibrated regularly to ensure the accuracy of data acquisition.

It is encouraged to transport the mucky engineering muck and engineering mud out of the site after dehydration or hardening.

It is better to publicize the discharge amount of construction waste in real time at the entrances and exits of the construction site.

The construction waste out of the site shall be transported to the construction waste disposal site or disposal site that meets the requirements.

It is forbidden to mix domestic waste and hazardous waste into construction waste for discharge. Domestic waste and hazardous waste shall be disposed according to relevant regulations.

Supplementary articles

The provincial housing and urban rural development authorities may, on the basis of this guidance manual and in combination with the actual situation, prepare the implementation manual for the reduction of construction waste in this region.

This instruction manual is interpreted by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development.